Tuesday, November 28, 2023

What should I expect during the first ACT visit?

If you have never worked with the MCESC Autism & Low-Incidence Coaching Team before, you may not know what to expect when you hear our team is coming to support you. Keep reading to learn more about what to expect!




Our secretary, Mary Fryman, will coordinate the first visit. Then, a coach on our team will come out to begin the coaching process. Coaches are selected based on the needs identified by the school team in the referral paperwork. 
  • Intervention Specialists Allison Officer and Jackie Vollmer specialize in classroom referrals, academic differentiation, and instructional supports. 
Allison Officer

Jackie Vollmer

  • Speech and Language Pathologist Carol Dittoe specializes in functional communication, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), and social skills. 
Carol Dittoe


  • Occupational Therapist Lynn DeMange specializes in sensory processing, self-management, and regulation supports. 
Lynn DeMange


All of our coaches are Certified Autism Specialists and specialize in behavior interventions.


The role of our coaches is to:
  • offer encouragement and support
  • research and model evidence-based strategies
  • collaborate and brainstorm new interventions to trial with your team
  • analyze behavior and data
  • provide individualized resources, tools, or assessments
  • help your team prioritize interventions
Our role is not to:
  • evaluate or judge your team
  • provide direct service to students
  • consult without input or collaboration with your team
  • make recommendations regarding student placement/LRE or hiring of additional staff



Each visit consists of an observation and a meeting. 

Observation
Observations are typically in-person and last for about 1 hour. 

During the observation, we will try to be discreet to minimize distracting students. During the observation, we want to see as close to a typical day as possible. It is important for us to see existing supports and routines, student behaviors, and anything that may assist us in knowing where our support is needed. 

We tend not to have a lot of discussion with staff during this time because we want to minimize distractions, be respectful of not talking about students in front of them, and want to see an authentic snapshot of the day. 

At times, we may interact with students or even try a couple interventions "in the moment". This helps us get a better idea of what may or may not work which informs our future recommendations. Plus we all worked in classrooms prior to coaching so we love the opportunity to be hands-on with students again! During this time, we encourage classroom staff to observe us. We won't always be there to intervene with students so when we are modeling it can be important for classroom staff to take note of how we work with the student so that they can intervene in the same way in the future. 



Meeting
Following our observation, we will meet with the team. This meeting may be immediately following the observation, later in the day, or on a different day depending on your team's availability. The meeting can be virtual or in-person.

We like to have as many team members as possible attend the meeting since we know that collaboration is essential to success! If it is an individual student referral, we let the school team decide if they would like to invite parents to be in attendance. 


Typically, the meeting will follow the sequence outlined below:

1. Introductions and gathering of contact information
  • The ACT coach will send an email with a detailed summary to all members of the team including those who may not have been able to make it to the meeting. 

2. Explanation of the ACT process
  • The role of the ACT team is to provide job-embedded professional development specifically tailored to the needs of the referral classroom or student to build the educational team’s capacity in meeting the identified needs. With a classroom referral, we provide global classroom supports that could benefit all or a group of students. We do not give individual student recommendations because we do not have parent permission. With an individual student referral, we are able to give student-specific recommendations. Our referral is good for a calendar year and as we provide suggestions we will check in periodically to see how they are going and see if we need to meet and/or observe again to tweak interventions or brainstorm new ideas.

3. Review what is going well and strengths, interests and reinforcement
  • We like to build on strengths, help your team identify some positives in a typically stressful period in the classroom, and learn more about what students (or classroom staff) find motivating. 

4. Review what is not going well/challenges
  • When an ACT referral is initiated, it is typically because your team needs some support. Although some venting can occur, we try to keep this time goal-driven and solution-focused. It will help us in determining the desired outcomes of our coaching. 

5. Discuss desired outcomes of the coaching process
  • These goals are informal but will guide the coaching process throughout the year-long referral. Consider what staff wants to learn more about and outcomes you want for the student(s) to help everyone be more successful. 

6. Determine initial action steps and provide any recommended tools:
  • We try to keep the meeting focused so that we can get to the good stuff... which is what to do next! We will work with your team to brainstorm interventions. We sometimes provide tools or additional resources for you to trial. 

7. Schedule times for future observations and/or follow-up meeting:
  • Once we provide the recommendations, we want to come back and see them in action! This allows us to model or tweak things as needed and determine the next steps. Typically, we schedule this follow-up visit 4-6 weeks after our initial meeting because research shows this is how long it takes to determine intervention effectiveness. If you trial the intervention and things get worse, PLEASE contact your ACT coach! We don't want you to abandon interventions or struggle between visits. We can provide some triage coaching which keeps the coaching momentum moving forward. 

If you want to prepare ahead of time, gathering some of the following information to share at the meeting can be helpful:
  • Copy of classroom schedule.
  • Examples of classroom strengths, interests, and concerns.
  • List of strategies that have already been tried, successfully or unsuccessfully.
  • Data illustrating behavioral concerns or the impact of trialed intervention
  • Ideas about specific needs/desires for outcomes of the coaching process.
  • Contact information and schedules for all educational team members.
  • Calendar/Planner for scheduling follow-up meetings.

Hang in there! Help is on the way! We will see you soon. 



Tuesday, November 21, 2023

Milton Union Elementary Regulation Space Provided by Julia Millikin, MCESC-SEL Division

One day last year, our team was walking through the halls at Milton Union Elementary and saw something that literally stopped us in our tracks! We came upon MCESC Social Emotional Learning Consultant Julia Millikin's Regulation Space and were blown away. We are excited to showcase her room in today's Regulation Rendezvous. 


Calming Environment

We just loves this calming mural on Julia's room divider. It definitely made a big impact on her space. 


Here is another glimpse of the mural along with Julia's tent and table spaces. We also love the calming impact of the lamps in the classroom. These can be less harsh for students who are sensitive to the overhead fluorescent lights.



Flexible Seating

In addition to the jumbo beanbag, tent, and table spaces pictured above, Julia's space also has a cozy seat in a tight space which is great for students seeking proprioceptive input. 


Additionally, we love this wicker egg chair. 

Julia also has some Big Joe beanbag seats situated at her whiteboard with some sensory items nearby. 





Regulation Tools

When you first enter Julia's room, there are shelves FULL of calming tools to help with emotional and sensory regulation including (but not limited to!): playdoh, fidgets, weighted stuffed animals, and Hoberman's spheres for deep breathing. 





We loved this WORRY Wacker shredder! What a great active regulation tool! 


In the center of the room, there were also some plasma tiles which can be a great sensory path option for students. 






Visual Supports
During stressful moments, it can be harder for students to process auditory information. In addition to the tactile supports above, Julia has a variety of visual supports to help students regulate including this calm down board and calming strategy cards. When implementing these tools, we recommend providing ample opportunities for practice when students are regulated so that applying the strategies "in the moment" when dysregulated it is less overwhelming.



Amazing right?! A special thank you to Julia for welcoming a couple of random ACT team members in to her room to take pictures and admire all of the awesomeness! 

If you want to learn more about the MCESC Social Emotional Learning Division which Julia is a part of, visit their website by following the link below:

MCESC Social Emotional Learning

Tuesday, November 14, 2023

Steps to Implementing Positive Reinforcement in the Classroom

Reinforcement is used to increase the chances that a student will use a target skill or behavior. It is an evidence-based practice for students with autism and low-incidence disabilities. During our coaching, we have found the use of positive reinforcement to be extremely effective when implemented consistently and with fidelity. Today's Around Town Round Up will feature over 80 teachers who are effectively using positive reinforcement with their students! WOW!




Step 1: Determine what is reinforcing for the student

Autistic students are often not motivated by customary rewards, therefore it is important to find what activities or items are motivating specifically for that student. Types of reinforcement include:

  • Edibles
Rebecca Leak
Northwood Elementary, Northmont

Cindy Bowling
New Lebanon Elementary, New Lebanon


  • Activities
Sheyanne Olson
East Elementary, Eaton

Taylor Ruef
Stevenson Elementary, Mad River

Cassandra Hebauf
Northmoor Elementary, Northmont

Lauren Bridgens
Driscoll Elementary, Centerville



  • Attention
Sarah Suarez
Greenon Elementary, Greenon


  • Independent Reward
Cassandra Hebauf
Northmoor Elementary, Northmont


What do you do if the student has a very narrow set of interests? Consider looking at ways to expand their reinforcers based on features of what they like. For example, if a student loves playdoh, trial different types of playdoh such as scented or glittery playdoh. Or similar moldable doughs such as cloud dough, floam, putty, or clay. Or have the student earn making homemade playdoh. 


For more ideas on expanding reinforcers, click the image below to see our handout. 




You can use a Reinforcement Inventory to look for additional reinforcers. Some inventories can be completed with students while others could be completed by a family member. Click the image below to be redirected to our folder of Reinforcement Inventories.



Step 2: Create an individualized reinforcement menu

Once you determine what is reinforcing, create a reinforcement menu for the student to choose from. 

Kathy Welbaum
Huber Heights



Rose Jepson
Northridge Elementary, Northridge


The number of choices given on the reinforcement menu will vary depending on the student's ability to discriminate and visually scan.

Hayward Middle School, Springfield


Rylie Jarrett
Stevenson Elementary, Mad River


Step 3: Determine the Schedule of Reinforcement

When planning to implement positive reinforcement, it is important to allot time within a student's daily schedule depending on how frequently they will need reinforcement built in. 

Some students need immediate reinforcement after each task or repetition of a task. This is often when edible reinforcers are used. Praise, high fives, and squeezes are additional popular immediate rewards. 

Debi Gnau
Mad River ECC, Mad River

Cleveland Elementary, Dayton

Cassandra Hebauf
Northmoor Elementary, Northmont

An immediate visual cue can also be reinforcing. 

Michelle Wade
Northridge Elementary, Northridge

Lara Kearney
West Carrollton High School, West Carrollton


Other students may be able to have a more delayed schedule of reinforcement where they earn a reinforcement break following an academic subject or set of activities (such as after they return from related services). 

Maggie Brackman
Northwood Elementary, Northmont

Erika Lauterback
Dixie Elementary, New Lebanon

Nichole Dunn
Miamisburg Middle School, Miamisburg

In these classrooms, the teachers naturally built-in reinforcement time for the entire class after each academic task. 

Taylor Mackall
Driscoll Elementary, Centerville

Heather Clark
Saville Elementary, Mad River

Ashley Watson
Madison Park Elementary, Trotwood


Occasionally we work with students who can wait for longer periods of time before their reinforcement is received. This may mean reinforcement breaks 1-2x daily or time to choose from a prize box at the end of the day. 

Nichole Dunn
Miamisburg Middle School, Miamisburg

Nichole Dunn
Miamisburg Middle School, Miamisburg


Gretchen Jones
Northridge Elementary, Northridge

Haley Urschel
Perrin Woods Elementary, Springfield

Rylie Jarrett
Stevenson Elementary, Mad River

Rylie Cruse
Brookville Elementary, Brookville


Katie Ross
Greenon Elementary, Greenon


A token economy can be one of the most delayed schedules of reinforcement because the student needs to earn a certain number of tokens (or points, bucks, tickets, etc) in order to earn the preferred reinforcers. For some, the token provides a small amount of reinforcement because it reminds students of the bigger prize. 

Amy Day
Englewood Elementary, Northmont


Rebecka Stricker
Springcreek Primary, Piqua

Lisa Mossing
Beverly Gardens Elementary, Mad River

Lydia Smith
Greenon Elementary, Greenon

Genevieve Harvey
Walter Shade ECC, West Carrollton

Rose Jepson
Northridge Elementary, Northridge

Group contingencies can be another way to provide reinforcement. We recommend using group contingencies concurrently with more individualized, concrete reinforcement systems for autistic and low-incidence learners.

Smith Elementary, Oakwood

Jolynne Rodgers
Mad River ECC, Mad River


Step 4: Clearly Define Expectations for Reinforcement using Visual Supports

Visual supports can be an extremely effective way to help students better understand what expectations are. 

  • Task Completion Edible Container: After each task, the student earns their reinforcer in the corresponding compartment. 

Mandy Schetter
Northmoor Elementary, Northmont




Darla Wesley
Cleveland Elementary, Dayton

  • Behavior-Special Edible Container: When targeting specific replacement behaviors (i.e. sitting, quiet mouth, nice hands, etc.), use visual cues to label the pillbox. Then, as the student displays the targeted behavior, provide praise and the edible from that compartment.

Julia Spencer
Fairborn Primary, Fairborn

Mandy Schetter
Northmoor Elementary, Northmont

Cassandra Hebauf
Northmoor Elementary, Northmont


  • Visual Contract Folder: The visual contract folder is a folder with pictures of reinforcing items on the inside (reinforcement menu) and tokens on the outside. The tokens represent the number of tasks (graphic organizer, book, worksheet) or parts of a task (cut, glue, color worksheet) and show the student exactly what needs to be completed to earn the reinforcer. When using the visual contract, the first step during work time is asking the student what they want to work for. This immediately gets their attention and buy-in. Then, using the tokens, prime them for what work needs to be completed. As students complete their work, they take off the corresponding token and place it on the inside of the contract. Once all of the work is complete and all of the tokens have been removed, the student earns the reinforcer. 




Taylor Ruef
Stevenson Elementary, Mad River

Laurie Maravetz
Hayward Middle School, Springfield

Click the image below to be redirected to our Visual Contract Folder:



  • Token Board: This format is similar to the visual contract folder described above but may be on a piece of cardstock or other laminated card. Approaches vary between having tokens that student's remove as work is completed (great for visually displaying work "going away" to address escape behaviors) vs. earning tokens as work is completed. 
Granville Bastin
Preble County ESC, Preble

Rebecca Leak
Northwood Elementary, Northmont

Granville Bastin
Preble County ESC, Preble

  • Special Interest Contracts/Token Boards: When you incorporate special interests into the reinforcement system, it can make it extra reinforcing because it automatically has a positive association. This is great for getting buy-in. You can use special interest backgrounds and/or tokens.
Emily Collura
Primary Village North, Centerville

MaKynzie Lowery
Learning Center West, MCESC

Denise Williams
Twin Valley South Elementary, Twin Valley South

Allie Clements
Schnell Elementary, West Carrollton

Claire Jamito
Fairborn Primary, Fairborn


Rylie Jarrett
Stevenson Elementary, Mad River

Heather Clark
Saville Elementary, Mad River

Allie Clements
Schnell Elementary, West Carrollton

Riley Cruse
Brookville Elementary, Brookville

  • Dry Erase Contracts: These are another great option for providing predictability to students so they know exactly how much work is expected. 
Julie Omondi
Normandy Elementary, Centerville

Cassandra Hebauf
Northmoor Elementary, Northmont

  • Visual Contract To Do List: Using a visual contract to provide a list of what needs to be done to complete an assignment is a great way to break assignments down to make students feel more successful. When setting up the To Do list for an assignment, start off with steps that you know will be easy for the student such as picking up their pencil, writing their name, etc. to build positive behavior momentum. The final thing should be whatever reinforcer they wants to work for. It is very important with this tool that the student is the one checking off the items he has completed because everyone loves the satisfaction of accomplishing an item on our to do lists! Research actually shows that checking off a list releases dopamine in the brain! Plus as the student checks tasks off they will see that they are getting closer to the goal of the reinforcing item or activity. Additionally, having the assignment steps in writing makes the task less negotiable because you can refer to the list rather than engaging in a power struggle or debate.
    Jolene Allen
Brantwood Elementary, Mad River



VeraKaye Sowers
Northridge Elementary, Northridge

Sheyanne Olson
East Elementary, Eaton


Click the image below to be redirected to our  Visual Contract To Do List Folder:



  • Behavior-Specific Contracts: When targeting specific replacement behaviors, you can develop a contract that outlines expectations and what reinforcement will be for displaying the expected behaviors. 
Nichole Dunn
Miamisburg Middle School, Miamisburg

Haley Urschel
Perrin Woods Elementary, Springfield

Step 5: Consistently Provide Reinforcement

One of the most essential elements of effective reinforcement is making it consistent! Communicate with classroom staff, paraprofessionals, inclusion teachers, and related service providers so that they clearly understand the reinforcement system and can carry it over when they are working with the student. 


Step 6: Analyze Your Data

Once you consistently implement the reinforcement system for 4-6 weeks, you can evaluate your data to determine its effectiveness. Ask yourself the following:

  • Is the student completing more work? 
  • Are interfering behaviors decreasing while target replacement behaviors are increasing?
  • Is the student still enjoying the reinforcers you provided on the reinforcement menu?
If things are going well, keep it up! Gradually increase expectations and/or modify the schedule of reinforcement to be less often. 

If things are not going well, make some tweaks such as:
  • Reexamine your reinforcement menu. 
  • Consider increasing the schedule of reinforcement and decreasing the task demands to earn reinforcement. 
  • Retrain staff to make sure everyone is using the reinforcement system with fidelity.
  • Make sure the visual supports are concrete enough for the student to fully understand the expectations.